Elution–extrusion counter-current chromatographic separation and theoretical mechanism of antioxidant from Robinia pseudoacacia flower

Robinia pseudoacacia flowers have attracted much attention because of numerous bioactivities. In this study, its extract showed the potential scavenging ability for 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. Under the guidance of antioxidant activity, the antioxidant extract was enriched by liquid-liquid extraction. The partition coefficients of the two main components in antioxidant extracts differed greatly, so in this study, elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography with the solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (2.5:5:2.5:5, v/v) was used to enhance the separation efficiency, and the two main components were successfully obtained. Among them, kaempferol showed strong antioxidant activity, which can be responsible for the activity of the extract. In order to deeply understand the antioxidant mechanism of kaempferol, the thermodynamics, frontier molecular orbital, and kinetics of scavenging free radicals were investigated by density functional theory. The results showed that 4′-OH in kaempferol was the most active group, which can scavenge free radicals by hydrogen atom transfer in non-polar solvents and activate 3-OH to generate double hydrogen atom transfer in the gas phase. But in polar solvents, it was more inclined to clear radicals through single electron transfer and proton transfer. The kinetic result showed that kaempferol needed 9.17 kcal/mol of activation energy to scavenge free radicals.     

Measure of segments which intersect a convex body from rotational formulae

Classical problems in integral geometry and geometric probability involve the kinematic measure of congruent segments of fixed length within a convex body in R³. We give this measure from rotational formulae; that is, from isotropic plane sections through a fixed point. From this result we also obtain a new rotational formula for the volume of a convex body; which is proved to be equivalent to the wedge formula for the volume.     

化学计量学二阶校正方法结合高效液相色谱用于蜂蜜中10种酚酸类物质的快速定量分析

利用化学计量学二阶校正方法结合高效液相色谱对枣花蜜中10种酚酸类物质的快速定量分析进行了研究。首先通过验证样本研究了所建立模型的准确性。结果显示：10种酚酸类物质的线性相关系数（R）为0.9982~0.9999,平均回收率为97.6%~101.1%,说明所建立的模型稳定可靠。其次,通过模拟蜂蜜试验,确定了固相萃取柱的种类及操作条件（HLB柱,酸化水淋洗,甲醇洗脱）。最后,利用模拟蜂蜜得到的最优条件结合化学计量学二阶校正方法,测定了枣花蜜中10种酚酸类物质的含量,并测得其加标回收率为62.1%~93.8%,考虑到目标分析物的种类较多,且蜂蜜基质极为复杂,该结果基本满足要求。另外,还利用统计与品质因子验证了试验方法的可靠性,结果令人满意。该方法具有简单、快速等优点,可用于复杂基质中多种目标分析物的同时定量分析。     

Structure of tecophilin,a tri-caffeoylanthocyanin from the blue petals of Tecophilaea cyanocrocus, and the mechanism of blue color development

The pigment, tecophilin, in blue flowers of Tecophilaea cyanocrocus was isolated and the structure was determined to be 3-O-(6-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(2-O-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(E)-caffeoyl)-6-O-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)delphinidin. The reproduction experiment of the same color as petals according to the results of chemical analysis and measurement of vacuolar pH of blue cells clarified that the blue color solely develops by tecophilin without interaction of metal ions nor co-pigments. ¹H NMR analysis and CD spectrum indicate the co-existence of clockwise intermolecular self-association of the delphinidin nuclei and intramolecular π–π stacking between the chromophore and caffeoyl residues to derive bathochromic shift of the absorption spectrum and stabilize the color by preventing hydration reaction.     

花状Zn-MOF衍生碳@MoS2复合材料制备及吸波性能

采用Zn-MOF(MOF为金属有机骨架)制备纳米多孔碳材料,通过自组装法将多孔碳与花状MoS₂结合,制备出具有规整有序结构的花状Zn-MOF衍生碳@MoS₂复合吸波材料。基于Zn-MOF衍生纳米多孔碳的高孔隙率、大比表面积,MoS₂的花状结构引起的电磁波多次反射和散射,以及MoS₂和Zn-MOF衍生碳之间存在的强极化效应、良好的阻抗匹配和协同作用,Zn-MOF衍生碳@MoS₂在频率为9.28 GHz时的最佳反射损耗达到-49.68 dB,表现出优异的电磁波吸收性能。     

苦参中黄酮类化合物的电喷雾质谱研究

采用电喷雾多级串联质谱对苦参中黄酮类化合物二氢黄酮及二氢黄酮醇类化合物的特征质谱行为进行了研究.实验结果表明,两类化合物在电喷雾多级串联质谱条件下均可以在C环发生开环断裂,但断裂的位点不同;两类化合物生成的碎片离子也有很大差异,提出了由二氢黄酮醇类化合物C环上3位连接的-OH所诱发的不同反应过程的质谱碎裂机理.     

Optical properties of flower‐like CdS prepared by a hydrothermal method with SDBS as surfactant

In this article, flower‐like CdS structures have been prepared by a hydrothermal method with SDBS as surfactant. The influences of different experimental conditions on the morphologies, UV‐Vis and fluorescence properties of CdS have been investigated. The performances of CdS have been analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet‐visible (UV–Vis) and room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL). The XRD result indicates that the flower‐like CdS structures are of hexagonal phase. The FESEM results indicate that the main role of SDBS is to make the CdS crystals assemble together to form the flower‐like structures. The UV–Vis results show CdS has a strong absorption in the ultraviolet region and visible‐light region. The PL results show CdS has two emission peaks, respectively at 461 nm and 553 nm. The growth mechanism for the formation of flower‐like CdS structures is also described.     

Synthesis and self‐assembled mechanism of CuO peony‐flowers by a composite hydroxide‐mediated approach at low temperature

A composite‐hydroxide mediated (CHM) method was utilized for the synthesis of CuO peony‐flower nanostructures under temperatures ranging between 25 and 160 °C. The CHM mechanism was confirmed through X‐ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and a Thermo‐Gravimetric Differential Scanning Calorimeter (TG‐DSC). Cu(NO₃)₂ was shown to transform into Cu(OH)₂ in the mixed alkalis (NaOH/KOH); the reaction was facilitated by the solvent properties of the mixed alkalis. Cu(OH)₂ subsequently consumed H₂O in the adsorption of the mixed alkalis at 25∼65 °C. At higher reaction temperatures (>65 °C), the Cu(OH)₂ was seen to decompose at an accelerated rate. Therefore, crystalline CuO could be obtained not only above 65 °C but also at 25 °C. The crystal morphology and structure of CuO were examined through Filed Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was determined that the CuO peony‐flower had a polycrystalline structure composed of single crystalline CuO petals. Using the Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) results, the rings were indexed as (002), (111), (112), (202) and (−113), which was in agreement with the XRD results. With increasing temperature, the CuO flower petals self‐assembled through random aggregation and gathered CuO nanorod parts, which led to incomplete CuO flower petals through orientated aggregation. Prolonged reaction time led to the growth of CuO flower petals in the direction of [001]. An ideal CuO flower structure was observed through TEM observation.     

Structures and bioactivities of seven flavonoids from Osmanthus fragrans ‘Jinqiu’ essential oil extraction residues

Osmanthus fragrans are well-known for their fragrance, but it is wasteful if to discard O. fragrans flower after extracting their essential oils. In this paper, we found that O. fragrans flower residues were rich in flavonoids. Six flavonoids and one phenylethanoid glycoside were isolated from the ethanol extract of O. fragrans flower residues, identified as quercetin (1), rutin (2), verbascoside (3), genistin (4), kaempferol (5), isorhamnetin (6) and naringin (7). In bioactivity study, kaempferol (IC₅₀ = 1.43 μg/mL) showed the best anti-inflammatory activity. Isorhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, verbascoside and rutin (the values of IC₅₀ were 18.30, 11.05, 16.88, 20.21 and 22.76 μg/mL, respectively) showed excellent DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Verbascoside performed relatively well at inhibiting the growth of both CT26 colonic carcinoma cells (IC₅₀ = 46.87 μg/mL) and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells (IC₅₀ = 30.58 μg/mL). In addition, quercetin and kaempferol showed strong anti-proliferation activity against HepG2 cells.